matterport MASKRCNN识别道路井盖

图像分割中有很多好玩的应用场景，接下来就利用 matterport 的MASKRCNN识别道路井盖并标记出mask 蒙版来，然后让机器人在行驶过程中检测井盖，

目前只是觉得将来会有有一定的实用价值，先做出来看看。

文章的内容是构建一个自定义的 Mask R-CNN 模型，该模型可以检测道路上井盖区域（参见 图像示例）。实际上可以利用图像分割做好多事情。本实例分割中井盖 是圆形的，所以相对于前两个案例中，使用via 进行标注时不用多边形 换成圆形的就可以了。

目录

• 如何构建 Mask R-CNN
  • 收集数据
  • 注释数据
  • 训练模型
  • 验证模型
  • 运行图像模型并进行预测
  • 感谢

如何构建用于道路水坑检测的 Mask R-CNN 模型

为了构建自定义 Mask R-CNN，我们将利用 Matterport Github ，地址 https://github.com/matterport/Mask_RCNN

 MASKRCNN的搭建具有一定的挑战，请按照GitHub上的说明进行搭建。MASK RCNN 是基于TensorFlow 的python3版本。 还好最终搭建成功Mask R-CNN 。

我的环境：

收集数据

在这个练习中，我自己在道路上用手机收集了 100 张图像，另加几个夜晚的视频。查看下面的一些示例。比如夜晚拍的效果是这样的：

注释数据

Mask R-CNN 模型要求用户注释图像并识别井盖区域。本教程使用的注释工具依旧是 VGG Image Annotator — v 1.0.6。您可以使用此链接  ：http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/software/via/via-1.0.6.html 提供的 html 版本 。使用此工具，您可以创建多边形遮罩，刚才说的使用圆形的 可以圈住大多的井盖，如下所示：

创建完所有注释后，您可以下载注释并将其保存为json格式。这里不同于LABELME的是 只生成一个json文本。

训练模型

训练的python源码参考balloon.py修改的。训练中用到了 coco的H5模型。

训练指令

python3 custom_cardamage.py train --dataset=customImages/  --weights=coco

我正在使用 CPU 并在 100个steps 10个epoches需要花费14个小时，建议有条件的用GPU。

manhole.py

"""
Mask R-CNN
Train on the toy Balloon dataset and implement color splash effect.

Copyright (c) 2018 Matterport, Inc.
Licensed under the MIT License (see LICENSE for details)
Written by Waleed Abdulla

------------------------------------------------------------

Usage: import the module (see Jupyter notebooks for examples), or run from
       the command line as such:

    # Train a new model starting from pre-trained COCO weights
    python3 balloon.py train --dataset=/path/to/balloon/dataset --weights=coco

    # Resume training a model that you had trained earlier
    python3 balloon.py train --dataset=/path/to/balloon/dataset --weights=last

    # Train a new model starting from ImageNet weights
    python3 balloon.py train --dataset=/path/to/balloon/dataset --weights=imagenet

    # Apply color splash to an image
    python3 balloon.py splash --weights=/path/to/weights/file.h5 --image=<URL or path to file>

    # Apply color splash to video using the last weights you trained
    python3 balloon.py splash --weights=last --video=<URL or path to file>
"""

import os
import sys
import json
import datetime
import numpy as np
import skimage.draw
import cv2
from mrcnn import visualize
from mrcnn.visualize import display_instances

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Root directory of the project
ROOT_DIR =  os.getcwd()

# Import Mask RCNN
sys.path.append(ROOT_DIR)  # To find local version of the library
from mrcnn.config import Config
from mrcnn import model as modellib, utils

# Path to trained weights file
COCO_WEIGHTS_PATH = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "mask_rcnn_coco.h5")

# Directory to save logs and model checkpoints, if not provided
# through the command line argument --logs
DEFAULT_LOGS_DIR = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "logs")

############################################################
#  Configurations
############################################################

class CustomConfig(Config):
    """Configuration for training on the toy  dataset.
    Derives from the base Config class and overrides some values.
    """
    # Give the configuration a recognizable name
    NAME = "manhole"

    # We use a GPU with 12GB memory, which can fit two images.
    # Adjust down if you use a smaller GPU.
    IMAGES_PER_GPU = 1
    BACKBONE = "resnet50"

    # Number of classes (including background)
    NUM_CLASSES = 1 + 1  # Background + toy
    IMAGE_MIN_DIM = 512
    IMAGE_MAX_DIM = 512
    RPN_ANCHOR_SCALES = (8*8, 16*8, 32*8, 64*8, 128*8)  # anchor side in pixels
    # Number of training steps per epoch
    STEPS_PER_EPOCH = 100

    # Skip detections with < 90% confidence
    DETECTION_MIN_CONFIDENCE = 0.85
    DETECTION_NMS_THRESHOLD = 0.12
    DETECTION_MAX_INSTANCES = 10

############################################################
#  Dataset
############################################################

class CustomDataset(utils.Dataset):

    def load_custom(self, dataset_dir, subset):
        """Load a subset of the Balloon dataset.
        dataset_dir: Root directory of the dataset.
        subset: Subset to load: train or val
        """
        # Add classes. We have only one class to add.
        self.add_class("manhole", 1, "manhole")

        # Train or validation dataset?
        assert subset in ["train", "val"]
        dataset_dir = os.path.join(dataset_dir, subset)

        # Load annotations
        # VGG Image Annotator saves each image in the form:
        # { 'filename': '28503151_5b5b7ec140_b.jpg',
        #   'regions': {
        #       '0': {
        #           'region_attributes': {},
        #           'shape_attributes': {
        #               'all_points_x': [...],
        #               'all_points_y': [...],
        #               'name': 'polygon'}},
        #       ... more regions ...
        #   },
        #   'size': 100202
        # }
        #"filename":"image54.jpg",
        #"base64_img_data":"","file_attributes":{},
        #"regions":{
        #"0":{
        #   "shape_attributes":{
        #       "name":"ellipse",
        #       "cx":437,"cy":1007,"rx":278,"ry":166
        #   },
        #   "region_attributes":{}}
        #   }

        # We mostly care about the x and y coordinates of each region
        annotations1 = json.load(open(os.path.join(dataset_dir, "via_region_data.json")))
        # print(annotations1)
        annotations = list(annotations1.values())  # don't need the dict keys

        # The VIA tool saves images in the JSON even if they don't have any
        # annotations. Skip unannotated images.
        annotations = [a for a in annotations if a['regions']]

        # Add images
        for a in annotations:
            # print(a)
            # Get the x, y coordinaets of points of the polygons that make up
            # the outline of each object instance. There are stores in the
            # shape_attributes (see json format above)
            polygons = [r['shape_attributes'] for r in a['regions'].values()]

            # load_mask() needs the image size to convert polygons to masks.
            # Unfortunately, VIA doesn't include it in JSON, so we must read
            # the image. This is only managable since the dataset is tiny.
            image_path = os.path.join(dataset_dir, a['filename'])
            image = skimage.io.imread(image_path)
            height, width = image.shape[:2]

            self.add_image(
                "manhole",  ## for a single class just add the name here
                image_id=a['filename'],  # use file name as a unique image id
                path=image_path,
                width=width, height=height,
                polygons=polygons)

    def load_mask(self, image_id):
        """Generate instance masks for an image.
       Returns:
        masks: A bool array of shape [height, width, instance count] with
            one mask per instance.
        class_ids: a 1D array of class IDs of the instance masks.
        """
        # If not a balloon dataset image, delegate to parent class.
        image_info = self.image_info[image_id]
        if image_info["source"] != "manhole":
            return super(self.__class__, self).load_mask(image_id)

        # Convert polygons to a bitmap mask of shape
        # [height, width, instance_count]
        info = self.image_info[image_id]
        # mask height width and mask's count 
        #print("info:",image_id,info["height"], info["width"], len(info["polygons"]))
        mask = np.zeros([info["height"], info["width"], len(info["polygons"])],
                        dtype=np.uint8)
        for i, p in enumerate(info["polygons"]):

            if p['name'] == 'ellipse':
                # Get indexes of pixels inside the polygon and set them to 1
                rr, cc = skimage.draw.ellipse( p['cy'],p['cx'], p['ry'], p['rx'])
                #print("info:",rr, cc)
                mask[rr, cc, i] = 1
            elif p['name'] == 'polygon': 
                rr, cc = skimage.draw.polygon(p['all_points_y'], p['all_points_x'])
                mask[rr, cc, i] = 1

        # Return mask, and array of class IDs of each instance. Since we have
        # one class ID only, we return an array of 1s
        return mask.astype(np.bool), np.ones([mask.shape[-1]], dtype=np.int32)

    def image_reference(self, image_id):
        """Return the path of the image."""
        info = self.image_info[image_id]
        if info["source"] == "manhole":
            return info["path"]
        else:
            super(self.__class__, self).image_reference(image_id)

def train(model):
    """Train the model."""
    # Training dataset.
    dataset_train = CustomDataset()
    dataset_train.load_custom(args.dataset, "train")
    dataset_train.prepare()

    # Validation dataset
    dataset_val = CustomDataset()
    dataset_val.load_custom(args.dataset, "val")
    dataset_val.prepare()

    # *** This training schedule is an example. Update to your needs ***
    # Since we're using a very small dataset, and starting from
    # COCO trained weights, we don't need to train too long. Also,
    # no need to train all layers, just the heads should do it.
    print("Training network heads")
    model.train(dataset_train, dataset_val,
                learning_rate=config.LEARNING_RATE,
                epochs=20,
                layers='heads')

def color_splash(image, masks,N):
    """Apply color splash effect.
    image: RGB image [height, width, 3]
    mask: instance segmentation mask [height, width, instance count]

    Returns result image.
    """
    # Make a grayscale copy of the image. The grayscale copy still
    # has 3 RGB channels, though.
    gray = skimage.color.gray2rgb(skimage.color.rgb2gray(image)) * 255
    # We're treating all instances as one, so collapse the mask into one layer
    mask = (np.sum(masks, -1, keepdims=True) >= 1)

    #rgb red color
    color = (1.0,0.0,0.0)

    '''
    # Copy color pixels from the original color image where mask is set
    if mask.shape[0] > 0:
        splash = np.where(mask, (128,0,0), gray).astype(np.uint8)

    else:
        splash = gray
        '''
    masked_image = image.astype(np.uint32).copy()
    splash = image
    for i in range(N):
        mask = masks[:, :, i]
        splash = visualize.apply_mask(gray, mask,color)
    splash.astype(np.uint32)
    return splash

def detect_and_color_splash(model, image_path=None, video_path=None):
    assert image_path or video_path

    # Image or video?
    if image_path:
        # Run model detection and generate the color splash effect
        print("Running on {}".format(args.image))
        # Read image
        image = skimage.io.imread(args.image)
        # Detect objects
        r = model.detect([image], verbose=1)[0]
         # Number of instances
        N = r['rois'].shape[0]
        print("\n*** instances to display :",N)
        if N > 0:
            # Color splash
            splash = color_splash(image, r['masks'],N)
            # Save output
            file_name = "result/splash_{:%Y%m%dT%H%M%S}.png".format(datetime.datetime.now())
            skimage.io.imsave(file_name, splash)
            print("Saved to ", file_name)
    elif video_path:
        import cv2
        # Video capture
        vcapture = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)
        width = int(vcapture.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
        height = int(vcapture.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
        fps = vcapture.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)

        # Define codec and create video writer
        file_name = "splash_{:%Y%m%dT%H%M%S}.avi".format(datetime.datetime.now())
        vwriter = cv2.VideoWriter(file_name,
                                  cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'MJPG'),
                                  fps, (width, height))

        count = 0
        success = True
        while success:
            print("frame: ", count)
            # Read next image
            success, image = vcapture.read()
            if success:
                # OpenCV returns images as BGR, convert to RGB
                image = image[..., ::-1]
                # Detect objects
                r = model.detect([image], verbose=0)[0]
                N = r['rois'].shape[0]
                print("\n*** instances to display :",N)
                # Color splash
                splash = color_splash(image, r['masks'],N)
                file_name = "result/mask_{:%Y%m%dT%H%M%S}.png".format(datetime.datetime.now())
                skimage.io.imsave(file_name, splash)
                # RGB -> BGR to save image to video
                splash = splash[..., ::-1]
                # Add image to video writer
                vwriter.write(splash)
                count += 1
        vwriter.release()
        print("Saved to ", file_name)

############################################################
#  Training
############################################################

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import argparse

    # Parse command line arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Train Mask R-CNN to detect custom class.')
    parser.add_argument("command",
                        metavar="<command>",
                        help="'train' or 'splash'")
    parser.add_argument('--dataset', required=False,
                        metavar="/path/to/custom/dataset/",
                        help='Directory of the custom dataset')
    parser.add_argument('--weights', required=True,
                        metavar="/path/to/weights.h5",
                        help="Path to weights .h5 file or 'coco'")
    parser.add_argument('--logs', required=False,
                        default=DEFAULT_LOGS_DIR,
                        metavar="/path/to/logs/",
                        help='Logs and checkpoints directory (default=logs/)')
    parser.add_argument('--image', required=False,
                        metavar="path or URL to image",
                        help='Image to apply the color splash effect on')
    parser.add_argument('--video', required=False,
                        metavar="path or URL to video",
                        help='Video to apply the color splash effect on')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Validate arguments
    if args.command == "train":
        assert args.dataset, "Argument --dataset is required for training"
    elif args.command == "splash":
        assert args.image or args.video,\
               "Provide --image or --video to apply color splash"

    print("Weights: ", args.weights)
    print("Dataset: ", args.dataset)
    print("Logs: ", args.logs)

    # Configurations
    if args.command == "train":
        config = CustomConfig()
    else:
        class InferenceConfig(CustomConfig):
            # Set batch size to 1 since we'll be running inference on
            # one image at a time. Batch size = GPU_COUNT * IMAGES_PER_GPU
            GPU_COUNT = 1
            IMAGES_PER_GPU = 1
        config = InferenceConfig()
    config.display()

    # Create model
    if args.command == "train":
        model = modellib.MaskRCNN(mode="training", config=config,
                                  model_dir=args.logs)
    else:
        model = modellib.MaskRCNN(mode="inference", config=config,
                                  model_dir=args.logs)

    # Select weights file to load
    if args.weights.lower() == "coco":
        weights_path = COCO_WEIGHTS_PATH
        # Download weights file
        if not os.path.exists(weights_path):
            utils.download_trained_weights(weights_path)
    elif args.weights.lower() == "last":
        # Find last trained weights
        weights_path =  model.find_last()[1]
    elif args.weights.lower() == "imagenet":
        # Start from ImageNet trained weights
        weights_path = model.get_imagenet_weights()
    else:
        weights_path = args.weights

    # Load weights
    print("Loading weights ", weights_path)
    if args.weights.lower() == "coco":
        # Exclude the last layers because they require a matching
        # number of classes
        model.load_weights(weights_path, by_name=True, exclude=[
            "mrcnn_class_logits", "mrcnn_bbox_fc",
            "mrcnn_bbox", "mrcnn_mask"])
    else:
        model.load_weights(weights_path, by_name=True)

    # Train or evaluate
    if args.command == "train":
        train(model)
    elif args.command == "splash":
        detect_and_color_splash(model, image_path=args.image,
                                video_path=args.video)
    else:
        print("'{}' is not recognized. "
              "Use 'train' or 'splash'".format(args.command))

代码中 loadmask 做了修改，之前的文章有介绍过如何loadmask circle等形状。

在图像上运行模型并进行预测

custom_train.py 中的color_spash内容我们做了修改，所有的实例instance 都用同一种颜色mask处理。

预测指令:

python3 manhole.py splash --image=customImages/test/bitauto.jpg --weights=mask_rcnn_damage_0010.h5 

另外使用ffmeg将图片转换成GIF 。

预测有一定的误差和丢失。也许可以通过加大训练集增加准确率。

感谢

非常感谢 Matterport 在GitHub上开放的源码，同时也感谢priya 分享的详细博客https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2018/07/building-mask-r-cnn-model-detecting-damage-cars-python/ 。